Appraisal of storm beach buffer width for cyclonic waves     

F.-C. Lee  John R.-C. Hsu  W.-H. Lin 《Coastal Engineering》2011

The loss of beach sand from berm and dune due to high waves and surge is a universal phenomenon associated with sporadic storm activities. To protect the development in a coastal hazard zone, hard structures or coastal setback have been established in many countries around the world. In this paper, the requirement of a storm beach buffer, being a lesser extent landward comparing with the coastal setback to ensure the safety of infrastructures, is numerically assessed using the SBEACH model for three categories of wave conditions in terms of storm return period, median sand grain size, berm width, and design water level. Two of the key outputs from the numerical calculations, berm retreat and bar formation offshore, are then analysed, as well as beach profile change. After having performed a series of numerical studies on selected large wave tank (LWT) test results with monochromatic waves using SBEACH, we may conclude that: (1) Berm erosion increases and submerged bar develops further offshore as the storm return period increases for beach with a specific sand grain size, or as the sand grain reduces on a beach under the action of identical wave condition; (2) Higher storm waves yield a large bar to form quicker and subsequently cause wave breaking on the bar crest, which can reduce the wave energy and limit the extent of the eroding berm; (3) A larger buffer width is required for a beach comprising small sand grain, in order to effectively absorb storm wave energy; and (4) Empirical relationships can be tentatively proposed to estimate the storm beach buffer width, from the input of wave conditions and sediment grain size. These results would benefit a beach nourishment project for shore protection or design of a recreational beach.  相似文献   

油页岩原位开采地下冷冻墙缓冲距离研究     

李淑敏  赵大军  刘玉民  隗延龙 《探矿工程》2013,40(12):9-12

油页岩原位高温开采,需要在矿区周边建立地下冷冻墙以阻止地下水的流入,防止油气的泄漏。油页岩的高温开采区与地下冷冻墙的冷冻区之间的缓冲距离影响油岩页的开采效果及地下冷冻墙的制冷效果,也影响整个工程的施工成本及运行费用。采用理论计算、数值模拟分析的方法,以最低成本为目标,对合理的缓冲距离进行了详细计算与分析,确定出了合理的缓冲距离,为油页岩高温开采地下冷冻墙的设计提供了理论指导。  相似文献   

不同河岸植物带对非点源污染河水污染物降解的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐成斌  于宁  马溪平  艾娇  张营  张利红 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(6):63-66

利用2种植物带(芦苇、香蒲与芦苇)对受非点源污染河水进行植物带处理污染物的降解效果模拟试验研究。结果表明,植物带处理污染物的降解效果明显优于无植物带,且以混合植物带效果最好。香蒲与芦苇植物带对COD、TN、TP和NH3-N去除率的周平均值分别为31.62%、37.84%、30.65%和34.31%。植物带能够截留地表径流中的颗粒物,提高水域中的溶解氧含量,对防止水土流失与改善流域水质均有显著作用。  相似文献   

河岸带生态系统管理研究概念 框架及其关键问题   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

郭怀成  黄凯  刘永  郁亚娟 《地理研究》2007,26(4):789-798

河岸带生态系统作为河流-陆地生态系统的生态过渡区,具有一系列的环境、社会和经济功能加以考虑。加强河岸带生态系统的资源、生态、环境管理,已成为流域生态学、生态系统生态学等学科研究的重要问题之一。在对国内外河岸带生态系统管理研究进展进行综述的基础上,从生态系统管理的角度出发,结合河岸带生态系统特征,界定了河岸带生态系统管理的概念及其要素。提出了河岸带生态系统管理的概念框架,主要从范围界定、问题诊断、目标设定、综合评价、管理策略、监测评估和反馈调整7个方面展开具体研究。识别出河岸带生态系统管理中的4个关键问题:①研究尺度问题;②河岸带管理宽度问题;③协调生态价值冲突问题;④国内河岸带生态系统管理问题,并对其进行了详细阐述,以期为国内开展相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

三个因素对缓冲层饱和过程影响的二维有限元分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张玉军 《岩土力学》2006,27(6):853-856

在参与高放射性核废料地质处置库的缓冲层饱和过程的诸多因素中,初始的水头、渗透系数和饱和度最为关键。作者使用THM耦合问题的二维有限元方法分析了以上三个因素对缓冲层饱和过程的影响。由计算结果可知,初始的水头、渗透系数和饱和度的数值越大,缓冲材料达到饱和的时间越快,反之亦然。  相似文献   

太湖缓冲带林下草坪的生长趋势研究     

刘长娥  邹国燕  周胜  付子轼  陈桂发 《湖泊科学》2016,28(2):350-357

为提升太湖缓冲带林带的生态功能,减少入湖污染负荷,采用人工草坪替代林下杂草的方式,建立林草复合带.选取白三叶(Trifolium repens)、红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)、麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)、马蹄金(Dichondra erpens)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)5种草坪,在典型缓冲带林地按间距25 cm统一移栽种植.采用定位监测的方法分析草坪的生长特征与发展趋势.结果表明:2011-2014年期间,除狗牙根无法形成稳定的种群被杂草取代外,其他4种草坪均能正常生长,并形成优势种群;4种草坪中,以麦冬和马蹄金生长状况最好,生物量、盖度、均一性和青绿期综合指标等级较高,其次是白三叶;红花酢浆草种群不稳定,受水热的影响大.  相似文献   

An iterative technique to delineate protection buffers for wetlands in regions subject to intensive groundwater pumping     

H.F. Aristizábal 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(8):885-899

Wetlands are vulnerable to groundwater extraction, which has proven detrimental to aquatic ecosystems around the planet. As wetlands rank among the world’s most endangered ecosystems, versatile strategies are required to protect them. This paper provides a modelling-based method to delineate protection buffers in wetlands subject to groundwater extraction. The technique is sufficiently flexible to cater to a wide variety of conditions, and simple enough to underpin management decisions on a daily basis. A numerical model is used to obtain a map of the critical rate of groundwater abstraction, based on the distance between wetlands and suitable discharge thresholds. The outcomes determine the allowed pumping rate at any point under steady and transient-state conditions. A new iteration is developed every time a new pumping allowance is made. This procedure is demonstrated by means of hypothetical scenarios, as well as by a case study application in the Valle del Cauca region, Colombia.  相似文献   

CO2流体与金矿化：流体包裹体的证据   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

卢焕章 《地球化学》2008,37(4)

在世界的各种类型的金矿包括石英脉型、网脉型以及蚀变岩型金矿床中均见到H2O.CO2:和富含CO2的包裹体.在金矿的围岩蚀变中见到碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化和硅化,说明Au的成矿流体中有C2O和硫等这些组分.金矿床中的C2O流体包裹体有以下特点:(1)在金矿床中常见四类包裹体即水溶液包裹体、H2O-CO2包裹体、富CO2包裹体和含NaC1子矿物包裹体,但以前三者为主,这四类包裹体可以在一起分布,常见水溶液包裹体和CO2包裹体分别分开分布,常单独成行分布,显示出成矿流体的相分离.(2)CO2包裹体与自然金的关系,可以见到自然金与富CO2包裹体分布在同一行上,或者CO2流体与自然金产在一起,或者自然金分布于CO2包裹体中,说明Au是与CO2同时搬运和沉淀的.(3)对金矿中的流体包裹体成分分析表明,除Au、H2O和CO2是流体的主要成分外,还有少量的CH4、H2S和N2等.H2S和H2CO3的相图研究表明,Au的络合物可能是AuHS或AuH2S,这种Au的络合物只有在CO2作为缓冲剂的热液中其溶解度最大,这样的热液就是Au的成矿流体.这种流体在上升过程中与围岩发生交代作用形成蚀变,并且流体发生了相分离,分出相对富含H2O的流体和相对富含CO2的流体,Au在这种相分离的过程中与CO2一起沉淀下来,形成金矿.  相似文献   

Spatial Aspects of Restrictions on Registered Sex Offenders          下载免费PDF全文

Mark Leipnik  Xinyue Ye  Jose Serna  James Strong  Christopher Wilkins  Ling Wu 《Geographical review》2016,106(2):312-330

Restrictions in the USA on registered sex offenders (RSOs) are examined from the spatial aspects. The long history of various restrictions imposed by government, particularly local ones, is covered in the introduction. Spatial aspects, such as delineation of zones from which certain activities or certain people are excluded is the focus. Then the nature of restrictions on RSOs is considered at the state, county and municipal level. Typical of restrictions are that RSOs are prohibited from moving into residence within a prescribed distance of certain features in a community. The distances are typically 1,000 feet but are quite variable. Typical proscribed venues are schools, parks and day care centers, but there can be many others such as bus stops. Spatial aspects of these restrictions, such as how offender locations are geocoded and represented and how proscribed venues are delineated is analyzed. Specific details and theoretical concerns related to the many problematic issues with RSO restrictions is presented. In particular questions of their constitutionality and efficacy are raised. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of RSO restrictions for the discipline of geography in general and for the evolution of increasingly precise methods of spatial analysis in particular.  相似文献   

车载联合机载LiDAR点云数据的建筑物立面精细分割     

李立雪  李永强  王力  牛路标  黄腾达  李有鹏 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,34(2)

从数据量庞大且散乱的车载LiDAR点云中分割出建筑物立面数据是一项繁琐而艰巨的工作。本文提出一种结合机载LiDAR点云的车载LiDAR点云建筑物立面分割方法。该方法在空-地点云严格配准的基础上,从机载LiDAR点云中分割出每栋建筑物的顶部点云,提取建筑物顶部外轮廓线并进行规则矢量化处理,设置轮廓线缓冲区实现立面点云的粗分割;再采用基于稳健特征值的平面拟合法对单栋建筑物的每个立面进行去噪滤波,实现建筑物立面的精细分割。试验结果证明了该算法对城市场景中车载LiDAR点云处理的有效性。  相似文献